Global Oceans Reaching Record-Breaking Temperatures as Earth's Climate Continues to Heat Up
For the ninth consecutive year, the world's oceans have absorbed unprecedented amounts of heat, with scientists warning that this trend is exacerbating extreme weather events, sea-level rise, and the destabilization of marine ecosystems. The alarming findings, published in a recent report, reveal that the oceans' thermal state plays a crucial role in regulating global climate impacts.
According to the report, roughly 365 million Hiroshima-sized atomic bombs would be needed to release the amount of energy absorbed by the world's oceans in 2025. This staggering figure underscores the severity of the problem, which is primarily driven by rising greenhouse gas emissions.
The consequences of this trend are already being felt, with communities around the world experiencing catastrophic effects of marine warming. The past year saw unprecedented monsoon rains that killed over 1,300 people in Southeast Asia, and flash floods that claimed at least 138 lives, including 27 young summer campers and counselors, in Central Texas.
The researchers warn that this trend is expected to continue until net-zero greenhouse gas emissions are achieved, with global ocean heat content expected to break records for years to come. The Earth's oceans act as its primary thermal energy sink, absorbing 90% of the excess heat trapped by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
To calculate the amount of heat absorbed, scientists measured temperature fluctuations in the upper 6,500 feet of the global ocean and found that the ocean heat content was about 23 zettajoules higher than it was at the end of 2024. This made 2025 the hottest year on record in terms of OHC.
The impact of this trend is far-reaching, with roughly 14% of the global ocean area reaching its warmest state on record last year, particularly in the Southern Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. About one-third of the global ocean area ranked among its top three hottest years on record, and more than half ranked among its five hottest.
The continued warming of the oceans is also speeding up the melting of glaciers and sea ice, with Arctic sea ice extent reaching a 40-year low in 2025 and Antarctic sea ice extent falling to its third-lowest annual maximum. The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have also reached record-low mass levels, indicating continued long-term contributions to global sea-level rise.
Ocean warming poses a deadly threat to coral reefs as well, with the world currently experiencing its fourth global coral bleaching event. Mass coral bleaching has been documented in at least 83 countries and territories, impacting roughly 84% of the world's coral reef area since January 2023.
Until net-zero carbon emissions are achieved, scientists warn that the global ocean heat content will continue to rise. However, rapid emissions reductions can still limit future impacts. Strengthening ocean monitoring and uncovering the mechanisms behind ocean heat redistribution are crucial for communities around the world to adapt to a new climate reality and build resilience.
For the ninth consecutive year, the world's oceans have absorbed unprecedented amounts of heat, with scientists warning that this trend is exacerbating extreme weather events, sea-level rise, and the destabilization of marine ecosystems. The alarming findings, published in a recent report, reveal that the oceans' thermal state plays a crucial role in regulating global climate impacts.
According to the report, roughly 365 million Hiroshima-sized atomic bombs would be needed to release the amount of energy absorbed by the world's oceans in 2025. This staggering figure underscores the severity of the problem, which is primarily driven by rising greenhouse gas emissions.
The consequences of this trend are already being felt, with communities around the world experiencing catastrophic effects of marine warming. The past year saw unprecedented monsoon rains that killed over 1,300 people in Southeast Asia, and flash floods that claimed at least 138 lives, including 27 young summer campers and counselors, in Central Texas.
The researchers warn that this trend is expected to continue until net-zero greenhouse gas emissions are achieved, with global ocean heat content expected to break records for years to come. The Earth's oceans act as its primary thermal energy sink, absorbing 90% of the excess heat trapped by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
To calculate the amount of heat absorbed, scientists measured temperature fluctuations in the upper 6,500 feet of the global ocean and found that the ocean heat content was about 23 zettajoules higher than it was at the end of 2024. This made 2025 the hottest year on record in terms of OHC.
The impact of this trend is far-reaching, with roughly 14% of the global ocean area reaching its warmest state on record last year, particularly in the Southern Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. About one-third of the global ocean area ranked among its top three hottest years on record, and more than half ranked among its five hottest.
The continued warming of the oceans is also speeding up the melting of glaciers and sea ice, with Arctic sea ice extent reaching a 40-year low in 2025 and Antarctic sea ice extent falling to its third-lowest annual maximum. The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have also reached record-low mass levels, indicating continued long-term contributions to global sea-level rise.
Ocean warming poses a deadly threat to coral reefs as well, with the world currently experiencing its fourth global coral bleaching event. Mass coral bleaching has been documented in at least 83 countries and territories, impacting roughly 84% of the world's coral reef area since January 2023.
Until net-zero carbon emissions are achieved, scientists warn that the global ocean heat content will continue to rise. However, rapid emissions reductions can still limit future impacts. Strengthening ocean monitoring and uncovering the mechanisms behind ocean heat redistribution are crucial for communities around the world to adapt to a new climate reality and build resilience.